Brick arch
What is brick arch
A brick arch is a curved structure made from precisely arranged bricks that span an opening, such as a door or window. This design allows the arch to bear weight efficiently by transferring the load from above into the supporting walls. The unique distribution of forces in a brick arch not only adds structural integrity but also provides a graceful, timeless aesthetic. It is eco friendly and cost effective construction technology.
Brick arch
How to make a brick arch
Preparing the base
Place a sturdy wooden plank or any other solid support where your arch will be, supported by bricks at each end.
Mark the centre
Secure a nail right in the centre of the plank—this is your guide!
Mark the radius
Tie a thread to the nail, making sure its length matches the radius of your arch. You will need this to keep a check on the arch while it is shaping up!
Formwork
Start placing bricks over the base, adjusting each height with the help of your thread guide.
Tip – we have used brick formwork in this case. You can use metal fabricated formwork too!
Shape up
Continuously adjust and alter bricks to match the desired heights, checking consistently with the thread.
Location & numbers of centres change as per the shape / type of the arch
Form the curve
Sculpt the arch shape using the mud and sand mixture, guided by the thread.
Laying the bricks
Begin laying bricks from both sides simultaneously to maintain balance.
Mortar ratio- 1:3 (Cement: sand)
Check the angle
Ensure each brick’s angle is perfect, using the thread for precision.
Keystone
Place the keystone in the centre at the end to lock your arch in place. Keystone is the last piece to fit. To be shaped correctly as per the shape of the arch.
Curing
Allow the arch to cure for 8-10 days, giving it the strength it needs.
Removing the shuttering
Carefully remove the filler bricks or other shuttering material and the arch is complete!
Tip
Arches tend to exert outward pressure which makes it necessary to build side walls simultaneously.
Brick arch making – a step-by-step video guide
Click here for step-by-step video guide of construction process of brick arch
Advantages of brick arch
Durability: Brick arches are known for their ability to withstand significant loads. This makes them an excellent choice for supporting structures in both residential and commercial buildings.
Aesthetic Versatility: Whether you’re aiming for a classic, traditional look or a sleek, modern design, a brick arch can be tailored to fit your vision. Its versatility allows it to complement various materials and architectural styles.
- Cost effective: Using brick arch instead of RCC lintels is cost effective
Historical Value: Incorporating a brick arch into your design pays homage to centuries of architectural innovation. It’s a way to connect your project with the timeless principles of beauty and strength that have guided builders for millennia.
Eco friendly: Brick is a natural insulator, and the arched design can contribute to better energy efficiency by reducing heat transfer. This makes brick arches not only a visually appealing choice but also a practical one for sustainable building.
Things to consider while making brick arch
Work with Experienced Masons: The precision required to construct a brick arch means it’s crucial to work with skilled masons who have experience with this type of structure.
Choose the Right Type of Arch: Consider the overall style of your building and choose a type of brick arch that complements it. Whether you’re going for a classic look or something more modern, the right arch can make a significant difference.
Use High-Quality Materials: The quality of the bricks and mortar used will affect the durability and appearance of the arch. Opt for high-quality materials to ensure longevity and a flawless finish.
Consider Customization: Don’t be afraid to get creative with your brick arch design. Custom shapes and patterns can make your project stand out and reflect your unique vision.
Types of brick arches
Flat Brick Arch: A modern twist on a classic form, the flat brick arch offers a minimalist aesthetic while maintaining the strength and stability typical of arched designs. Ideal for contemporary homes and commercial buildings, this arch can be both functional and decorative.
Segmental Brick Arch: Known for its slightly curved design, the segmental arch is less than a full semicircle. This style is perfect for wider openings, providing a subtle curve that adds sophistication without overpowering the overall design.
Semi-Circular Brick Arch: Emblematic of classical architecture, the semi-circular arch, also known as a Roman arch, is a full half-circle. This arch is ideal for grand entrances and large windows, imparting a sense of balance and harmony.
Pointed Brick Arch: With its Gothic origins, the pointed arch features an elegant, tapering apex. This design is perfect for adding vertical emphasis to doorways and windows, making spaces feel taller and more spacious.
Elliptical and Horseshoe Arches: These arches offer unique shapes that can be used to create distinctive, custom looks. The elliptical arch features a longer curve, while the horseshoe arch has a more pronounced shape, often seen in Moorish and Islamic architecture.
Key components of a brick arch
Voussoirs: The wedge-shaped bricks that form the curve of the arch. These bricks are meticulously arranged so that their narrower ends face inward, creating the characteristic arch shape.
Keystone: The central brick at the apex of the arch. The keystone is crucial as it locks all the voussoirs into place, ensuring the stability of the arch.
Springing Line: The horizontal line at the base of the arch from which the curvature begins. This is where the weight distribution starts to shift.
Intrados and Extrados:
- Intrados: The inner curve of the arch.
- Extrados: The outer curve of the arch.
Rise: The vertical distance between the springing line and the highest point of the arch (usually the keystone).
Span: The horizontal distance between the two points where the arch starts (the springing points).
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